The study of religious minorities under Muslim rule, and the study of Muslim communities as minorities in different regions have been gaining momentum. Research on such matters – themes that have been explored academically since the 18th century – has been changing drastically over the past two decades. The question of what constitutes a ‘religious minority’ continues to be contested, reframed, and re-theorized. Our evaluation includes a spectrum of religious minorities (not only Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians, for example, but also Muslims themselves, both within and outside Muslim-majority regions), and, like our acclaimed inquiries into ‘Religious Authority,’ attract faculty and students from multiple disciplines.